Types of diarrhoeia

Jacob Bogatin states that the following physiological mechanisms of diarrhoeia development are known to the doctors:

• Increase in secretion of electrolits epithelia the intestines, causing massive loss of a liquid;
• Fall of absorption from a gleam of intestines of electrolits and the nutrients, developing owing to damage “broom” borders of epithelia thick or thin intestines;
• Osmolarity increase of intestinal contents owing to deficiency of saccharolytic enzymes and intolerance of lactose;
• Infringement of impellent activity of intestines.

The core of the two first mechanisms of a diarrhoeia is the infection. Bacteria, viruses and the elementary microorganisms can be agents of a diarrhoeia. An aetiology, nosogenesis and a clinic-laboratory picture of a diarrhoeia are substantially connected among themselves, that allows to prove with a considerable share of probability empirical therapy before aetiology revealing by microbiological methods. On the basis of clinic-laboratory data some forms of infections of intestines can be allocated.

“Watery” diarrhoeia by J.Bogatin

Immediate cause of the diarrhoeia caused V.cholerae, enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic E.coli, and also some salmonellas serve as producers of microorganisms enterotoxins, electrolits causing the release and a liquid in intestines gleam. The listed microorganisms are capable to adhere to intestinal epithelium, proliferation and toxin production in intestines, however for them invasion as well as cytotoxic effects concerning intestinal of epithelium are uncharacteristic.

B.cereus, C.perfringens and S.aureus cause a diarrhoeia as a result of production of various toxins on properties. Toxin production occurs in a course microorganisms’ proliferation in contaminated foodstuff while proliferation of microorganisms in intestines has no essential value.

Viruses and G.lamblia amaze proximal departments of thin intestines, not causing the expressed local inflammation.

“Bloody” a diarrhoeia

Activators of the diarrhoeia accompanied by defeat of a mucous membrane thick and distal of department of thin intestines, are Shigella spp. entheroinvasive E.coli, V.parahaemolyticus and some salmonellas (more often S.enteritidis). The reason of development of pathological changes in intestines is production of cytotoxic Shiga toxin and similar toxins, and also ability of microorganisms to invade in cages of epithelium.

Jacob Bogatin is sure that separate mention deserve entherogemmoradical E.coli producing the toxin similar to Shiga toxin and causing a gemolitiko-uraemic syndrome.

The defeats of intestines caused Y.enterocolitica and C.jejuni, are connected, basically, with invasive properties of these microorganisms.

From the elementary the most frequent activator of a diarrhoeia with the expressed signs of an inflammation causes E.histolytica (an amoebic dysentery).

In some cases the exit of microorganisms for limits lymphoid fabrics and backteremia development with a corresponding clinical picture is observed. J.Bogatin says that as rare complications probably abenteric formation of the centres of an infection of various localisation.