Cats rabies

It is illness with inevitably deadly outcome for cats and people as well. It is necessary to address to local bodies of public health services. It is caused by a virus which hits the central nervous system of cats and extends through a saliva of sick cats at a sting.

The incubatory period strongly varies, but usually rabies appears at cats after two months after infection. Cats skunks, raccoons can pick it up from other cats, from dogs or wild animals, like foxes. Geographical isolation and strict quarantine rules protect Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand and Hawaii from outbreaks of this disease, however on most parts of other territories of globe rabies is widespread.

Aetiology. The rabies activator is a neurotropic virus. Perhaps it breeds in chicken embryos and in cultures of cages.

The rabies virus quickly perishes at temperature of 60 degrees on Celsius and above at influence usual disinfectants (formalin, alkalis, chloric lime, creolin), but in corpses of animals, especially at low temperature, can remain for weeks.
Yakov Bogatin says that all warm-blooded animals are susceptible to a virus, especially carnivorous. They are the basic distributors of rabies. Dogs were an active source of rabies always, however last years in connection with streamlining of the maintenance and wide vaccination their role in distribution has decreased. During too time value of wild animals, especially foxes, and also street cats has increased.
The rabies virus is allocated from an organism mainly with a saliva, and not only sick animals, but also 5 – 10 days before occurrence of signs of disease.
Infection occurs at stings (stings in the field of a head are especially dangerous!), but it is possible at slobbering an animal all over of skin scratches and other traumas.
The incubatory period is from 2 weeks till 2 months, but can be even more long.
Rabies can be shown differently, but always with defeat of nervous system. Cats most often have a violent form of rabies, the rare cases when it is silent or paralytic.
At the violent form at animals three stages, though and not always accurately limited differ. In the first stage of harbingers considerably causeless change of behaviour of an animal: aspiration to a solitude, distrustfulness or unusual tenderness, grumble, change of places of lying. Appetite is lowered or perverted, there can be vomiting. Reaction on external irritants (light, a touch) amplifies. Sometimes in this stage paralyses of muscles drinks begin and salivation.
Through 1 – 3 days disease passes to the second stage. It is characterised by strengthening of anxiety and excitation of an animal.
At possibility the cat escapes, aimlessly wanders, there is an aggression. As a result of paralyses of muscles swallowing is at a loss, tongue is put out, saliva will plentifully be allocated.

At the 3rd stage paralyses amplifies, the general depression, weakness and an exhaustion of an animal develops, the body temperature falls below norm. Through 2 – 4 days the cat passes away.

Yakov Bogatin claims that at the silent form of rabies in essence there is no excitation and aggression stage, paralyses that leads to death an animal faster develop.

Otitis and its treatment

Otitis – an ear inflammation. The external otitis is shown by an inflammation of a skin of an auricle or external acoustical pass. The inflammation of an average ear (an average otitis) arises usually as complication of infectious diseases (flu, measles, quinsy, etc.); displays – a pain in ear, hearing fall. Under adverse conditions the average otitis can pass in the chronic form.

Otitis treatment

Yakov Bogatin says that at external otitises expediently introduction in external acoustical pass gauze turunda, the moistened 70 % the spirit, a warming compress, physiotherapeutic procedures and vitamin therapy. Antibiotics preparations are applied at the expressed inflammation and the raised temperature. At abscess formation its opening is prescribed. At the poured inflammation wash out acoustical pass by disinfectant solutions.

At average otitises a confinement to bed is necessary, under indications antibiotics, sulfanamides, antiseptics. At a heat amidopyrine, acetylsalicylic acid. Warming compresses and physiotherapy are applied as well. For pain reduction in an ear dig in in a warm kind of 96 % spirit. In case of suppuration instillation in an ear should be stopped. In the absence of effect from conservative treatment make an eardrum section. After occurrence of suppuration from external acoustical pass it is necessary to provide its good outflow. If after the termination purulent discharges from an ear and scarring of an eardrum the hearing remains lowered, blowing off, pneumatic massage on ear area are prescribed.

At an otitis of an internal ear with the rests of functions of a labyrinth conservative treatment (a confinement to bed, dehydration and antibacterial therapy) is prescribed. At labyrinthitis the remained function of a labyrinth if antibacterial therapy is inefficient and cavitary trepanation is prescribed. The absolute indication to operation on a labyrinth simultaneously with operation on an average ear is sequestration of a labyrinth or purulent labyrinthitis with intracranial complications.

Yakov Bogatin states that it is necessary to visit doctor at once at pain occurrence in an ear and in case it has not gone away in two days.

Usually otitis treatment proceeds about ten days. Under condition of correctly picked up therapy and accurately carried out appointments disease is not reflected in sensory acuity.

Pork Flu Consequences

How serious are the consequences of pork flu?

According to Jacob Bogatin each case of disease caused by a pork flu in current flash is unique. In Mexico death and heavy outcomes are registered. In the USA cases of disease of moderate degree are fixed. However the tendency can cardinally change. The virus can mutate, thus degree of its influence can either become severe or vice versa – lessen. Scientists carry out careful researches to define the current tendency of development of a virus of pork flu, however experts from World Health Organization remind of well-known data, that occurrences of a virus of flu cannot be expected just as character and time of a mutation of a virus.

Why is deadly threat from an infection of pork flu higher in Mexico in comparison with the USA?

There are not known reasons of heavier disease in Mexico in comparison with the USA. Jacob Bogatin says that only in one of the first 20 registered cases of disease in the USA hospitalisation then at the patient there has come full recover was required. Experts of the Center in the control and preventive maintenance of diseases actively carry out the comparative analysis of differences between disease cases in Mexico and the USA.

Is it the first flash of epidemics of pork flu?

Yes. In 1976 epidemics of pork flu among recruits in a city the Fort-diks, piece of New Jersey has been fixed. Epidemics lasted for a month then disappeared as is inexplicable, as well as has arisen. 240 people have caught a virus and one person has died.

The pork flu fixed in a city the Fort-diks was a virus strain H1N1. The same strain has caused a disastrous pandemic of flu in 1918-1919 having taken away a life of tens millions of people.

Concern probability a new pandemic of a virus strain H1N1 in the winter of 1976 has outgrown in the large-scale program on creation of a vaccine and realisation of vaccination of all Americans against pork flu. The program on population vaccination has been interfaced to the various difficulties, one of which was the mass belief, that this vaccine has caused unknown quantity of heavy collateral reactions. Jacob Bogatin reveals the information that after 40 million people have passed vaccination the program has been stopped.

However subsequently new epidemic of pork flu has not arisen.

I was vaccinated from pork flu in 1976. Will this help me to resist the current virus?

The new virus of pork flu differs from a virus of 1976. Thus there is no guarantee, whether the vaccine of more then 30 years ago will still be effective.

Poliomyelitis treatment

The poliomyelitis begins with a diarrhea as initially the virus is localized in intestines. According to Bogatin Jacob the most characteristic symptoms paralytic (1-5 % from all cases) a poliomyelitis – occurrence at first “languid” (weakness and a pain in muscles), and heavier “intense” paralyses (consolidation and intensity of muscles in the absence of possibility to operate them). If the virus gets on high levels of a spinal cord and grasps the centre of the control of respiratory system, it can lead to respiratory standstill and death. Persistent headaches are a sign of penetration of a virus in a brain.

All patients with suspicion on a poliomyelitis are subject to urgent hospitalization. Treatment required in the conditions of the boxed branch of an infectious hospital in a current of 3-4 weeks. The basic criteria of transition of illness during the regenerative period are disappearance of symptoms of an intoxication, painful signs, normalization of a spinno-brain liquid.

Antiepidemic actions

Isolation of the patient in a current of 40 days after the disease beginning. If vaccination is counter-indicative, it is recommended the introduction donor of immunoglobulin. Children who were not vaccinated should be isolated for 21 days and spend clinical supervision with thermometry. Children actually must be vaccinated from the 3^rd month according to the special calendar of immunization.

Complications of a paralytic poliomyelitis: In 30 % of cases the poliomyelitis comes to an end with residual paralyses with an atrophy of muscles, in 30 % – with easier complications. Full recovery from the paralytic form without consequences comes in 30 % of cases and in 10 % of cases (at defeat of respiratory system) – death.

Bogatin Jacob considers some preventive measures that can be carried out using two kinds of vaccines – inactivated (Solk’s strengthened vaccine) or live (Sabin’s vaccine).

Mechanism of Dandruff Occurrence

Let’s come to find out more about the mechanism of dandruff occurrence. At first sight everything seems to be clear enough: one has picked up a fungus – the other day one waits some dandruff. However for some reason dandruff arises not at all people successively. What is the reason of such a selective occurence? Jacob Bogatin knows, that this fungus, even already having registered on hairy part of a head can not disturb long enough us the ability to live. But it is necessary to our health to reel slightly under the influence of certain external reasons – as results it is available, or is more exact, on a head. Was there any hormonal shift? The food structure aside enormous consumption of carbohydrates and fats has changed. We have transferred any heavy, serious illness or there was the unexpected stress which has led to decrease of immunity? A spring avitaminosis? Adverse ecological conditions? Any of these or other not studied factors, and also (that more often) their combination, can lead to dandruff occurrence.

If you have attentively read the previous paragraph for certain have already understood in what the reasons of unsuccessful attempts to get rid of dandruff are covered. For lack of the system approach to the decision of the given problem. Let’s recollect, how we tried to solve this problem earlier. Yes, it is very simple. Having seen enough advertising on the TV, we go to the nearest shop and we buy shampoo from dandruff. That is we try “plastering uo” a problem outside, forgetting, that any skin problem grows from within. It does not mean, that it is not necessary to use shampoos from dandruff, and only means, that it is necessary to eradicate the reason which has led to shift of balance in our organism, and only then it is possible to hope for success of action.

Jacob Bogatin thinks that, to begin with, it will be quite good to correct a diet – to exclude all provocative foodstuff: allergens, sharp, salty, strongly fried dishes, an alcohol considerable quantity, fat products. Also one must reduce quantity of consumed carbohydrates is all sweet and flour; very sweet fruit here concerns. Accordingly it is necessary to increase quantity of vegetables, not so sweet fruit, dairy and sour-milk products. It is impossible to forget about vitamins (E, B, C) and microcells (calcium, copper, zinc).

Now we will consider, what shampoos from dandruff should be paid attention to: here approximately the same picture – one shampoos treat only symptoms, other influence a fungus directly. The structure of shampoos from dandruff includes antifungal substances (ketoconazole), antibacterial agents (Piriton Zinc), exfoliated components (Salicylic acid, Sulfur), substances calming and removing irritation, and also some other. Naturally, shampoo steals up individually, a test method. Do not forget what to dry a head the hair dryer if at you dandruff, extremely is not recommended.

If your numerous attempts to get rid of dandruff have not brought desirable result and if, besides, you find out the symptoms of seborrhea – it is a high time to go and seek help from the expert.

History of German measles

During several centuries German measles has been considered as uniform disease because of similar external signs. For the first time German measles has been described by German therapist F.Hofmanom in 1740, but only in 1881 it was recognised by independent disease.
Jacob Bogatin thinks that the activator of German measles is the RNK-CONTAINING virus which concerns family of toga viruses. The infection extends in the air-drop way or at direct contact with secretions of a sick organism. During pregnancy the virus is transferred from blood of mother to a fruit through a placenta (structure through which a fruit food is carried out).
Treatment only the symptomatic; means against the activator are absent. At rise in temperature the confinement to bed, easy food, isolation of the patient for 7–10 days are recommended by Jacob Bogatin.
German measles complications happen seldom. However disease is very dangerous at pregnancy: in case of infection of future mother in the first month of pregnancy the probability of premature birth (abortions) or a birth of the child with developmental anomalies reaches 50% The blindness, deafness concern number of possible defects, anomaly of development of heart and brain. By estimations, the risk of the complicated pregnancy at infection on the second month makes 25 %, and on the third month – 15 %. In 1966 American experts have developed a simple and fast way of definition of antibodies to a virus of German measles. J. Bogatin thinks that women who have suffered dangers to catch German measles in the first months of pregnancy, can find out now, whether there is at them an immunity to this disease. The doctor in case of need should warn them about a possible pathology of the future child. The medical products warning development of a pathology of a baby while is not present. Last years the killed vaccine which is applied to preventive maintenance of German measles at children is developed.

Glossitis Diagnostics

In the presence of symptoms of glossitis it is necessary for you to address to the doctor. The stomatologist will examine area of an inflammation of tongue will find out presence or absence of papillomas, will set necessary questions for identification of the reasons of the developed infection or will appoint necessary analyses for revealing of system disease.
Treatment of glossitis
At glossitis, caused by infectious-inflammatory processes, it is necessary to eliminate, whenever possible, the infection activator. Jacob Bogatin is sure that modern healthcare has enough of effective medicines for successful glossitis therapy. As a rule, treatment of an inflammation of tongue does not mean hospitalisation of the patient, except for especially heavy cases.
First of all, it is necessary for you to pay special attention to hygiene of an oral cavity. Clean teeth not less than two times a day with use of a qualitative tooth-paste which will be advised by the doctor.
Besides observance of rules of hygiene of an oral cavity it is often necessary to resort to special means and not only for treatment of a sharp phase of disease but also to slow down or stop development of serious complications.
Use various pills: antibiotics, resolvents, local immune correctors.
Anti-inflammatory steroids can be used for elimination of symptoms of an inflammation and simplification of food intake, speech and breath processes. This group of medicines has strict indications and contra-indications, and is appointed only the doctor.
After identification of the activator of disease the doctor will prescribe an antibiotic or anti-mushroomic preparation influencing given group of microbes.
One of modern defensible methods of treatment is immune way of the decision of the problem, allowing not only to receive medical effect, but also to promote the prevention of development of relapses. Medicines of this group make active protective forces of a mucous membrane of an oral cavity. Operating through system of immune mechanisms, they promote strengthening of phagocytosis activity (phagocytosis – capture and neutralisation of bacteria by cages of immune system), to maintenance increase in a saliva of special enzyme – lysozyme, known for the bactericidal activity, to stimulation and increase number of the cages responsible for development of antibodies.
Preventive maintenance
Jacob Bogatin has always said that to prevent an illness is always better than to cure, therefore doctors recommend following preventive actions:
• Observe hygiene of an oral cavity and teeth,
• Regularly consult stomatologists,
• Avoid the use of aggressive food, sharp spices,
• Do not abuse smoking and alcohol.
Forecasts at glossitis
Jacob Bogatin claims that timely and effective treatment of illness is reversible then the forecast is favorable. Otherwise glossitis can lead to development of a tumour of tongue and causes serious difficulty to breathe.

Types of hair loss and hair loss treatment

Loss of hair can occur owing due to various reasons beginning from genetic predisposition, level of hormonal activity and ending with the stresses and a physical overstrain. Now Jacob Bogatin allocates 5 basic types of hair loss, for each of which special treatment is required:

• androgen baldness (man’s type)
• time loss of hair (female type)
• patchy baldness
• High forward line of growth of hair
• Posttraumatic loss of hair

The statistics shows and Jacob Bogatin states that 30-35 % of men face necessity of hair loss treatment at the age from 25 years. Man’s type of hair loss — androgen baldness is the most frequent form at men also makes to 95 % of all cases when treatment is required. Androgen baldness at women makes all about 5 % from all cases of hair loss demanding treatment. The basic form of female hair loss is time loss of hair — 95 % from all supervision. From patchy baldness which unlike androgen is the disease demanding obligatory treatment, suffers about 0,1 % of the population of the Earth.

Hair loss Treatment

Jacob Bogatin thinks that each of types of loss of hair — androgen baldness, time loss of hair and patchy head hair loss – all this demands specially picked up techniques of treatment and means.

Androgen baldness or man’s hair loss demands the combined treatment including both conservative and surgical correction. Time hair loss is possible to treat by means of combination of timely cosmetology treatment and trichologic treatments. Treatment of patchy hair loss is carried out by conservative therapy.

Jacob Bogatin states that later the reference to the expert can be reflected extremely negatively in treatment of hair loss process. The patient waits when loss of hair will stop in itself. If it does not occur, the patient starts to apply folk remedies of treatment against hair loss which possess cosmetic but not medical effect. To the expert he addresses, only when the problem is strongly expressed and whatever were the reasons of loss of hair, to treat hair loss becomes very difficult.

The hair loss treatment program in clinics is the best way as methods and means of treatment against hair loss are selected by skilled trichologists and plastic surgeons.

Types of diarrhoeia

Jacob Bogatin states that the following physiological mechanisms of diarrhoeia development are known to the doctors:

• Increase in secretion of electrolits epithelia the intestines, causing massive loss of a liquid;
• Fall of absorption from a gleam of intestines of electrolits and the nutrients, developing owing to damage “broom” borders of epithelia thick or thin intestines;
• Osmolarity increase of intestinal contents owing to deficiency of saccharolytic enzymes and intolerance of lactose;
• Infringement of impellent activity of intestines.

The core of the two first mechanisms of a diarrhoeia is the infection. Bacteria, viruses and the elementary microorganisms can be agents of a diarrhoeia. An aetiology, nosogenesis and a clinic-laboratory picture of a diarrhoeia are substantially connected among themselves, that allows to prove with a considerable share of probability empirical therapy before aetiology revealing by microbiological methods. On the basis of clinic-laboratory data some forms of infections of intestines can be allocated.

“Watery” diarrhoeia by J.Bogatin

Immediate cause of the diarrhoeia caused V.cholerae, enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic E.coli, and also some salmonellas serve as producers of microorganisms enterotoxins, electrolits causing the release and a liquid in intestines gleam. The listed microorganisms are capable to adhere to intestinal epithelium, proliferation and toxin production in intestines, however for them invasion as well as cytotoxic effects concerning intestinal of epithelium are uncharacteristic.

B.cereus, C.perfringens and S.aureus cause a diarrhoeia as a result of production of various toxins on properties. Toxin production occurs in a course microorganisms’ proliferation in contaminated foodstuff while proliferation of microorganisms in intestines has no essential value.

Viruses and G.lamblia amaze proximal departments of thin intestines, not causing the expressed local inflammation.

“Bloody” a diarrhoeia

Activators of the diarrhoeia accompanied by defeat of a mucous membrane thick and distal of department of thin intestines, are Shigella spp. entheroinvasive E.coli, V.parahaemolyticus and some salmonellas (more often S.enteritidis). The reason of development of pathological changes in intestines is production of cytotoxic Shiga toxin and similar toxins, and also ability of microorganisms to invade in cages of epithelium.

Jacob Bogatin is sure that separate mention deserve entherogemmoradical E.coli producing the toxin similar to Shiga toxin and causing a gemolitiko-uraemic syndrome.

The defeats of intestines caused Y.enterocolitica and C.jejuni, are connected, basically, with invasive properties of these microorganisms.

From the elementary the most frequent activator of a diarrhoeia with the expressed signs of an inflammation causes E.histolytica (an amoebic dysentery).

In some cases the exit of microorganisms for limits lymphoid fabrics and backteremia development with a corresponding clinical picture is observed. J.Bogatin says that as rare complications probably abenteric formation of the centres of an infection of various localisation.

J.Bogatin: Magnetic materials explained

Jacob Bogatin

What is claimed is:

1. A process for producing a rare earth-containing powder comprising crushing a rare earth-containing alloy in a passivating gas comprised of nitrogen, carbon dioxide or a combination of nitrogen and carbon dioxide at a temperature from ambient temperature to a temperature below the phase transformation temperature of the material, thereby producing a rare earth-containing powder which is resistant to oxidation.

2. The process of claim 1 wherein the passivating gas is carbon dioxide.

3. The process of claim 1 wherein the alloy comprises, in atomic percent of the overall composition, from about 12% to about 24% of at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of neodymium, praseodymium, lanthanum, cerium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, europium, samarium, gadolinium, promethium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, yttrium, and scandium, from about 2% to about 28% boron and the balance iron.

4. The process of claim 1 wherein the alloy comprises RM₅ or R₂ M₁₇, wherein R is at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of neodymium, praseodymium, lanthanum, cerium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, europium, samarium, gadolinium, promethium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, yttrium, and scandium, and M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Co, Fe, Ni and Mn.

5. The process of claim 1 wherein the alloy is crushed to a particle size of from about 0.05 microns to about 100 microns.

6. The process of claim 5 wherein the alloy is crushed to a particle size of from 1 micron to 40 microns.

7. The process of claim 1 wherein the resultant powder has a surface concentration of nitrogen of from about 0.4 to about 26.8 atomic percent.

8. The process of claim 1 wherein the resultant powder has a surface concentration of carbon of from about 0.02 to about 15 atomic percent.

9. A process for producing a rare earth-containing powder comprising: crushing a rare earth-containing alloy in a passivating gas comprised of nitrogen, carbon dioxide or a combination of nitrogen and carbon dioxide for about 1 minute to about 60 minutes at a temperature from about 20° C. to about 580° C. to a particle size of from about 0.05 microns to about 100 microns, said alloy comprising, in atomic percent of the overall composition, from about 12% to about 24% of at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of neodymium, praseodymium, lanthanum, cerium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, europium, samarium, gadolinium, promethium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, yttrium, and scandium, from about 2% to about 28% boron and the balance iron, thereby producing a rare earth-containing powder which is resistant to oxidation.

Jacob Bogatin
10. The process of claim 9 wherein the passivating gas is nitrogen.

11. The process of claim 9 wherein the rare earth-containing alloy is crushed to a particle size of from 1 micron to 40 microns.

12. The process of claim 9 wherein the resultant powder has a surface concentration of carbon of from about 0.02 to about 15 atomic percent.

13. The process of claim 12 wherein the resultant powder has a surface concentration of carbon of from 0.5 to 6.5 atomic percent.

Jacob Bogatin

14. A process for producing a permanent magnet comprising:

a) crushing a rare earth-containing alloy in a passivating gas comprised of nitrogen, carbon dioxide or a combination of nitrogen and carbon dioxide for about 1 minute to about 60 minutes at a temperature from about 20° C. to about 580° C. to a particle size of from about 0.05 microns to about 100 microns, said alloy comprising, in atomic percent of the overall composition, of from about 12% to about 24% of at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of neodymium, praseodymium, lanthanum, cerium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, europium, samarium, gadolinium, promethium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, yttrium, and scandium, from about 2% to about 28% boron and the balance iron;

b) compacting the crushed alloy material;

c) sintering the compacted alloy material at a temperature from 900° C. to 1200° C. inclusive; and

d) heat treating the sintered material at a temperature from 200° C. to 1050° C. inclusive,

thereby producing a permanent magnet which is resistant to oxidation.

Jacob Bogatin

15. The process of claim 14 wherein the passivating gas is nitrogen.

16. The process of claim 14 wherein the rare earth-containing alloy is crushed to particle size of from 1 micron to 40 microns.

17. The process of claim 14 wherein the resultant permanent magnet has a surface concentration of nitrogen of from about 0.4 to about 26.8 atomic percent.

18. The process of claim 17 wherein the resultant permanent magnet has a surface concentration of nitrogen of 0.4 to 10.8 atomic percent.

19. The process of claim 14 wherein the resultant permanent magnet has a surface concentration of carbon of from about 0.02 to about 15 atomic percent.

20. The process of claim 19 wherein the resultant permanent magnet has a surface concentration of carbon of from 0.5 to 6.5 atomic percent.

21. A process for producing a rare earth-containing powder compact comprising crushing a rare earth-containing alloy in water, compacting the crushed alloy material, drying the compacted alloy material at a temperature below the phase transformation temperature of the material, and treating the compacted alloy material by passivating the material with a passivating gas comprised of nitrogen, carbon dioxide or a combination of nitrogen and carbon dioxide at a temperature from ambient temperature to a temperature below the phase transformation temperature of the material, thereby producing a rare earth-containing powder compact which is resistant to oxidation.

22. The process of claim 21 wherein the passivating gas is nitrogen.

23. The process of claim 21 wherein the alloy comprises, in atomic percent of the overall composition, from about 12% to about 24% of at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of neodymium, praseodymium, lanthanum, cerium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, europium, samarium, gadolinium, promethium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, yttrium, and scandium, from about 2% to about 28% boron and the balance iron.

24. The process of claim 23 wherein the alloy comprises RM₅ or R₂ M₁₇, wherein R is at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of neodymium, praseodymium, lanthanum, cerium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, europium, samarium, gadolinium, promethium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, yttrium, and scandium, and M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Co, Fe, Ni and Mn.

25. The process of claim 23 wherein the alloy is crushed in water to a particle size of from about 0.05 microns to about 100 microns.

26. The process of claim 25 wherein the alloy is crushed in water to a particle size of from 1 micron to 40 microns.

27. The process of claim 21 wherein the compacted alloy material is vacuum dried or dried with an inert gas.

28. The process of claim 27 wherein the inert gas is selected from the group consisting of argon and helium.

29. The process of claim 21 wherein the resultant powder compact has a surface concentration of nitrogen of from about 0.4 to about 26.8 atomic percent.

30. The process of claim 21 wherein the resultant powder compact has a surface concentration of carbon of from about 0.02 to about 15 atomic percent.

31. A process for producing a rare earth-containing powder compact comprising: crushing a rare earth-containing alloy in water to a particle size of from about 0.05 microns to about 100 microns, said alloy comprising, in atomic percent of the overall composition, from about 12% to about 24% of at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of neodymium, praseodymium, lanthanum, cerium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, europium, samarium, gadolinium, promethium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, yttrium, and scandium, from about 2% to about 28% boron and the balance iron; compacting the wet crushed alloy material to form wet compacted material; drying the compacted alloy material at a temperature below the phase transformation temperature of the material; and treating the compacted alloy material by passivating the material with a passivating gas comprised of nitrogen, carbon dioxide or a combination of nitrogen and carbon dioxide for about 1 minute to about 60 minutes at a temperature from about 20° C. to about 580° C., thereby producing a rare earth-containing powder compact which is resistant to oxidation.

32. The process of claim 31 wherein the passivating gas is nitrogen.

33. The process of claim 31 wherein the rare earth-containing alloy is crushed in water to a particle size of from 1 micron to 40 microns.

34. The process of claim 31 wherein the compacted alloy material is vacuum dried or dried with an inert gas.

35. The process of claim 31 wherein the resultant powder compact has a surface concentration of nitrogen of from about 0.4 to about 26.8 atomic percent.

36. The process of claim 35 wherein the resultant powder compact has a surface concentration of nitrogen of 0.4 to 10.8 atomic percent.

37. The process of claim 31 wherein the resultant powder compact has a surface concentration of carbon of from about 0.02 to about 15 atomic percent.

38. The process of claim 37 wherein the resultant powder compact has a surface concentration of carbon of from 0.5 to 6.5 atomic percent.

39. A process for producing a permanent magnet comprising:

a) crushing a rare earth-containing alloy in water to a particle size of from about 0.05 microns to about 100 microns, said alloy comprising, in atomic percent of the overall composition, of from about 12% to about 24% of at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of neodymium, praseodymium, lanthanum, cerium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, europium, samarium, gadolinium, promethium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, yttrium, and scandium, from about 2% to about 28% boron and the balance iron;

b) compacting the crushed alloy material;

c) drying the compacted alloy material at a temperature below the phase transformation temperature of the material;

d) treating the compacted alloy material by passivating the material with a passivating gas comprised of nitrogen, carbon dioxide or a combination of nitrogen and carbon dioxide for about 1 minute to about 60 minutes at a temperature from about 20° C. to about 580° C.;

e) sintering the compacted alloy material at a temperature from 900° C. to 1200° C. inclusive; and

d) heat treating the sintered material at a temperature from 200° C. to 1050° C. inclusive,

thereby producing a permanent magnet which is resistant to oxidation.

Jacob Bogatin

40. The process of claim 39 wherein the passivating gas is nitrogen.

41. The process of claim 39 wherein the rare earth-containing alloy is crushed in water to particle size of from 1 micron to 40 microns.

42. The process of claim 39 wherein the compacted alloy material is vacuum dried or dried with an inert gas.

43. The process of claim 39 wherein the resultant permanent magnet has a surface concentration of nitrogen of from about 0.4 to about 26.8 atomic percent.

44. The process of claim 43 wherein the resultant permanent magnet has a surface concentration of nitrogen of 0.4 to 10.8 atomic percent.

45. The process of claim 39 wherein the resultant permanent magnet has a surface concentration of carbon of from about 0.02 to about 15 atomic percent.

46. The process of claim 45 wherein the resultant permanent magnet has a surface concentration of carbon of from 0.5 to 6.5 atomic percent.